(A)phantasia and severely deficient autobiographical memory: Scientific and personal perspectives
Watkins, N. W. (2018). (a)phantasia and severely deficient autobiographical memory: scientific and personal perspectives. Cortex, 105, 41–52. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.010
Abstract
I address two interlinked aspects of the diversity in our experiences of memory and the mind's eye. I summarise the long-appreciated role of imagery in mathematics and the physical sciences, and contrast it with the evidence that some scientists have had limited or zero imagery. I then recount the story of how I became aware of my own lack of mental imagery, and the accompanying deficit in my episodic memory, how I have sought scientific understanding of these conditions, and how they have affected my life.
Authors
- Nicholas W. Watkins1
Understanding Memory and the Mind's Eye: A Personal and Scientific Exploration
Overview/Introduction
This paper delves into the fascinating world of mental imagery and memory, focusing on two intriguing conditions: aphantasia (the inability to visualize images in the mind) and severely deficient autobiographical memory (SDAM). The author, Nicholas W. Watkins, shares his personal journey of discovering these conditions in himself and explores their implications on his life and scientific work.
Methodology
Watkins combines a personal narrative with a review of existing literature to explore the role of mental imagery in science and mathematics. He reflects on historical and contemporary perspectives, drawing from his experiences and the insights of notable figures like physicist Paul Dirac and mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot. The paper also references discussions from the "Eye's Mind" conference and various scientific theories, such as Paivio's Dual Coding Theory, to provide a comprehensive view of the subject.
Key Findings
- Role of Imagery in Science: Imagery has historically played a crucial role in fields like mathematics and physics, aiding in the visualization of complex concepts. However, some scientists, including Watkins, have thrived without this ability.
- Personal Discovery: Watkins realized his lack of mental imagery and episodic memory later in life, which led him to explore these phenomena scientifically.
- Impact on Life and Work: Aphantasia and SDAM have influenced Watkins' career choices and preferences, such as his affinity for abstract theoretical physics over spatially demanding subjects like electromagnetic theory.
- Diverse Cognitive Styles: The paper highlights the diversity in cognitive styles, suggesting that individuals can succeed in scientific fields regardless of their ability to visualize.
Implications
- Understanding Cognitive Diversity: Recognizing conditions like aphantasia and SDAM can help appreciate the diverse ways people think and process information.
- Potential for Technological Aids: Watkins discusses the potential of technology, like video lifelogging, to assist those with memory deficits, suggesting future developments could provide valuable support.
- Rethinking Education and Collaboration: The findings encourage educational and professional environments to accommodate different cognitive styles, fostering collaboration between individuals with varied strengths.
Limitations
While the paper provides valuable insights, it primarily relies on personal anecdotes and existing literature, highlighting the need for more systematic research on aphantasia and SDAM. Watkins acknowledges the lack of comprehensive studies on these conditions, suggesting an area ripe for future exploration.
In summary, this paper offers a unique blend of personal experience and scientific inquiry into the realms of memory and mental imagery, shedding light on the diverse w...